Ich habe für mich jetzt eine Lösung gefunden: https://www.linuxuprising.com/2018/06/fix-no-sound-dummy-output-issue-in.html
Sie besteht darin, in '/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf' die Zeile: 'options snd-hda-intel model=generic' anzuhängen.
Hier die Ausgabe vor der Änderung:
lsmod | grep snd_hda_intel snd_hda_intel 53248 3 snd_intel_dspcfg 24576 1 snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec 143360 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_core 94208 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_pcm 118784 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core snd 94208 19 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio 08:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:1aeb] (rev a1) Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:21c4] Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel -- 0a:00.4 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1022:1487] Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1458:a0cf] Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
Hier die Ausgabe nach Änderung und Neustart:
lsmod | grep snd_hda_intel snd_hda_intel 53248 4 snd_intel_dspcfg 24576 1 snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec 143360 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_core 94208 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_pcm 118784 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core snd 94208 21 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio 08:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:1aeb] (rev a1) Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:21c4] Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel -- 0a:00.4 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1022:1487] Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1458:a0cf] Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
Der einzige Unterschied ist die 'Used by'-Zahl hinter 'snd_hda_intel'. Keine Ahnung warum, aber der Sound funktioniert (jetzt ohne 'pulseaudio -k').
Vielleicht hilft das auch Anderen.