Ich danke euch schonmal für eure mühe.
Hier mal die benötigten Informationen:
1.
kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA WDC WD5000LPVX-2 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp
2 538MB 1050MB 512MB ext2
3 1050MB 500GB 499GB
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0
has been opened read-only.
Model: MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ8HCA (scsi)
Disk /dev/sr0: 1521MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: mac
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 2048B 6143B 4096B Apple
2 1511MB 1513MB 2425kB EFI
2.
kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo lsblk -o name,uuid,fstype,mountpoint,label,size,model
NAME UUID FSTYPE MOUNTPOINT LABEL SIZE MODEL
sda 465,8G WDC WD5
├─sda1 9D03-FA21 vfat 512M
├─sda2 1427a078-f003-497f-8d0a-01428ab72baf ext2 488M
└─sda3 9c21b66b-c616-4bd9-aecb-6d659c7dbb81 crypto_ 464,8G
sr0 2016-04-20-22-47-57-00 iso9660 /cdrom Kubuntu 16.04 LTS amd64
1,4G DVD-RAM
loop0 squashf /rofs 1,4G
3.
kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1965148k,nr_inodes=491287,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=395964k,mode=755)
/dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
/cow on / type overlay (rw,relatime,lowerdir=//filesystem.squashfs,upperdir=/cow/upper,workdir=/cow/work)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd,nsroot=/)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory,nsroot=/)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct,nsroot=/)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=34,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/debug/tracing type tracefs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/999 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=395964k,mode=700,uid=999,gid=999)
4.
kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 2002,0001,0002,2001,2003
Boot0001* Yes PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(0,0,0)/HD(1,GPT,c194ae4b-f909-4c29-a4c7-9c778fc25c37,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\fwupx64.efi)A01 ..
Boot0002* yes PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(0,0,0)/HD(1,GPT,c194ae4b-f909-4c29-a4c7-9c778fc25c37,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)A01 ..
Boot0003* Unknown Device: HD(1,GPT,6d6536cf-99fb-483b-aed7-299452e313fb,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)RC
Boot0004* ATAPI CDROM: MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ8HCA PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(1,0,0)/CDROM(1,0xb41c3,0x1280)RC
Boot2001* EFI USB Device RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network RC